Alteration of Oral pH and Risk of Dental Caries in Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world's population. It is characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), negative symptoms (apathy and social withdrawal), and cognitive deficits. Pharmacological treatment is essential, and second-generation antipsychotics are generally preferred due to their lower risk of severe adverse effects. However, these medications may cause xerostomia (dry mouth), increasing the risk of oral health problems. Individuals with schizophrenia are more susceptible to oral diseases because of reduced motivation, lack of initiative, and the adverse effects of antipsychotic medication. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health, and a reduction in salivary flow may promote the development of dental caries. Therefore, addressing oral health in patients with schizophrenia is essential to prevent complications and improve their quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify alterations in oral pH associated with antipsychotic medication used in patients undergoing long-term psychiatric hospitalization. This study followed a cross-sectional, observational, and prospective design, including 34 patients with a mean age of 55 years who were receiving antipsychotic treatment. The results showed that 97% of the participants whose oral pH was measured presented an oral pH below 7.