Interamerican Journal of Health Sciences
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Introduction: prolonged tracheostomy is associated with chronic complications that affect respiratory, phonatory, and swallowing functions, particularly in institutionalized patients with multiple comorbidities. Evidence from long-term care settings remains limited, highlighting the need for locally generated data. Materials and method: a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a chronic care facility in Buenos Aires in 2024. A total of 87 adult patients with a tracheostomy in place for ≥3 months were included. clinical, functional, and structural variables were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and logistic regression. Results: all patients exhibited phonatory and/or swallowing dysfunction, and 64,3 % developed multiple complications. The most frequent complications were granulation tissue formation (21,8 %), recurrent respiratory infections (20,7 %), and tracheal stenosis or tracheomalacia (18,4 %). cannulation time was an independent predictor of multiple complications (OR = 1,18; p < 0,01), as was prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (p < 0,05). functional impairment was substantial: 44,8 % of patients had total dependency and 24,1 % had severe dependency according to the Barthel Index. Conclusion: long-term complications are highly prevalent among chronically tracheostomized patients and are associated with significant functional deterioration. These findings underscore the importance of structured follow-up protocols, periodic endoscopic assessment, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation, as well as the need for multicenter prospective studies to inform the development of national clinical guidelines.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angel Vasquez Oropeza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advancing One Health by Integrating Veterinary and Human Vaccines to Address Global Health Challenges
The increasing frequency of zoonotic outbreaks calls for stronger integration between human and animal health sectors under the One Health framework. Veterinary vaccinology plays an important role in pandemic preparedness and control, demonstrated by how immunization strategies targeting animals—such as dog vaccination for rabies or livestock vaccination for Rift Valley fever—have directly reduced human disease burden. Moreover, veterinary medicine has served as a platform for vaccine innovation, contributing technologies like viral vectors, oil-based adjuvants, and thermostable formulations now applied in human vaccines. Transboundary animal diseases, even when not directly zoonotic, pose risks through ecological disruption and human-animal interface, impacting the economy and reinforcing the need for coordinated surveillance and immunization strategies. Collaborative efforts that bring together veterinary and human health sectors can strengthen disease control, improve research outcomes, and promote fairness in resource-limited environments. Greater medical engagement in One Health is essential to prevent future epidemics and safeguard public health globally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Author Jimena Cabilla, María Teresa Pino, Andrea Magliocco, Alejandra Victoria Capozzo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teaching Human Anatomy in Health Sciences through Information and Communication Technologies.
Introduction: Application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the teaching of Human Anatomy and Physiology within Health Sciences programs. Objectives: To analyze the outcomes of a second experiment evaluating the contribution of ICT to teaching and their impact on the academic performance of students enrolled in Human Anatomy and Physiology courses within a Health Sciences degree program. Materials and Method: The study followed a quasi-experimental design with a longitudinal approach and mixed methodology. The population was made up of 658 first-year learners enrolled in a Health Sciences program, and the sample included 590 students from the same cohort. A random probabilistic sampling method was applied. Prior to data collection and after obtaining informed consent, two instruments were administered: assessment rubrics (for evaluation activities) and a closed, anonymous, multiple-choice questionnaire. Both instruments were reviewed, refined and validated by expert faculty members with extensive experience in teaching and research. Results: The findings showed that variables such as motivation, content systematization and comprehension had a significant impact on academic performance, especially in the Cases group, where ICT were used more intensively. The most noteworthy result appeared in the final grades: for the High-performance indicator (scores above 6), the difference between the Cases and Control groups was approximately 31%. Regarding the studied population, it was observed that 47% of the students in both groups belonged to the age group over 30 years. Conclusions: Reflecting on academic performance ―as the observable outcome of the variables studied― it can be argued that this is a direct consequence of the teaching-learning process. This process is influenced both by the learner’s abilities, which are partly conditioned by age, and by the challenge faced by the education system promoting meaningful learning.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Copyright (c) 2025 Vanesa Veronica Miana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Neurocysticercosis, presentation of a case
Introduction: neurocysticercosis is a central nervous system infection caused by the larva of Taenia solium, which can lead to significant neurological symptoms such as headaches and seizures. This clinical case describes a 30-year-old male agricultural worker presenting symptoms consistent with this disease. Patient Information: the 30-year-old patient presents with recurrent episodes of intense headaches and seizures, specifically involuntary movements in his left leg, accompanied by confusion and disorientation. His medical history is healthy, but he has consumed undercooked pork, which may have facilitated disease transmission. A computed tomography (CT) scan reveals multiple cysts in the brain, and serology for antibodies against T. solium is positive, confirming the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Conclusions: the treatment of neurocysticercosis should be individualized, combining antiparasitics like albendazole and corticosteroids to manage inflammation. Education on prevention, especially regarding pork consumption, is crucial to reduce the incidence of this disease.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maikro Osvaldo Chávez Moya , Leodanis Hernández Cabrera , Orlando Jesús Espinoza Romero , Neisy Pérez Ramos (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Acquisition of Competencies and Practical Skills in Theory and their Exercise in the Practical Field
Introduction: Society demands that higher education institutions prepare highly qualified, competent and committed professionals. Objective: As a result, the study examined the acquisition of practical skills and competencies, both in theory and in their application in real-world settings. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to students in health sciences programs who were undertaking their pre-professional internships (PPP). Results: Through the analysis of results from supervised learning (AI), significant data was obtained showing that the relationship between theory and practice, through didactic tools (ICT) and appropriate environments, strengthens the PPP. It was also observed that the most satisfied age group was between 22 and 32 years old. Conclusions: it can be asserted that the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), along with simulation spaces and other resources, will enhance the training of health professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vanesa V. Miana, Jorge Kamlofsky, Claudio Milio, María Isabel Brusca, Miriam Russo, Martha Schwarcz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk-benefit of tirzepatide, semaglutide, and bariatric surgery in obesity
Objective: Identify the best method for treating overweight/obesity in adults by analyzing their characteristics, benefits, and side effects. Methods: This is an integrative review composed of the following stages: 1. formulation of the guiding question; 2. literature search; 3. data collection; 4. critical analysis of the articles; 5. discussion of the results; 6. presentation of the integrative review. The databases Pubmed, BIREME, and SCIELO were consulted. Inclusion criteria were articles available in full, published in the last 5 years (2020 - 2024 ), in English or Portuguese. Articles were transferred to Rayyan software, where duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria, such as studies on children and review articles, were excluded. Results: The results showed that Tirzepatide, compared to Semaglutide, was superior in reducing BMI, abdominal circumference, and weight percentage. Adverse effects occurred in both studies, mainly gastrointestinal, with no preference for either drug to reduce these effects. Comparison between Semaglutide or Tirzepatide versus Bariatric Surgery was not possible, as no studies addressing this comparison were found. Conclusions: Future research comparing medicinal and surgical approaches for weight reduction in obese patients is necessary to determine the best treatment, considering both weight reduction and undesirable post-treatment effects. More research on weight regain after study completion is also needed
Copyright (c) 2025 Lucca Lorenzo Déo Malaquini, Lucas Franklin Rocha de Souza, Leonardo Ebani Parada, Julia Gonçalves Grasso, Natália Abou Hala Nunes (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Level of knowledge of risk factors for high blood pressure in patients at the B IESS Quinindé- Esmeraldas Health Center
Introduction: high blood pressure is among the main causes of premature death worldwide, and is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge of risk factors for high blood pressure in patients at the B IESS – Quinindé Health Center. Method: a quantitative, observational and descriptive study was carried out related to the level of knowledge about risk factors for high blood pressure in patients who attended the B IESS Quinindé Health Center during the course of 2021. The population consisted of 200 patients, creating a sample of 200 patients. The anonymity of the individuals was maintained and confidentiality rights were respected. Results: 58% in the age range of 20-49, with a predominance of the female sex with 65%, 33.5% consume fruit with a frequency of 1 to 3 days. Regarding the portions of fruit they consume in a week, 45.5% responded that they do not know how to express the portions they consume, 18.0% perform light physical activity, among them 32.5% do not present alterations in the respiratory and cardiac constants when performing this activity. According to the body mass index, which is normal in 59.5%, it is observed that 35.0% have consumed alcohol at some time, 49% do not smoke. Conclusions: it was determined that there is a low level of knowledge of the risk factors for arterial hypertension in patients of the B IESS Health Center - Quinindé, Esmeraldas, within the aspects where the lack of knowledge could be most evident was about diet, physical activity, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Isabel Ferrín Minaya, Edgar Daniel Sánchez Antamba, Miguel Ángel Enríquez Jácome, Jenrry Fredy Chávez-Arizala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Epidemiological clinical characterization of arterial hypertension
Introduction: arterial hypertension is among the main causes of premature death worldwide, and is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: to characterize arterial hypertension clinically and epidemiologically. Method: a review of the available bibliography in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, of which a total of 17 related articles were consulted, empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used. Results: arterial hypertension damages most organs and systems in the body, mainly affecting the heart. For arterial hypertension to develop, 2 basic elements occur: arterial dysfunction and the breakdown of balance between vasoconstrictor factors (mainly endothelins) and vasodilators. It is a chronic disorder with asymptomatic characteristics, which silently causes lesions in the heart, blood vessels, kidneys and brain, the level of risk varies according to age and the predisposing factor, among them. Arterial hypertension is considered a risk factor for developing diseases. It is of great importance to establish educational spaces for raising awareness of the continuous practice of a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions: Arterial hypertension manifests itself as a common and increasing disease, which occurs more frequently in older people, which has multiple risk factors associated with lifestyle, being at the same time a risk factor for suffering from numerous diseases.
Atomoxetine as a treatment for attention déficit hiperactivity disorder: a literature review
Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly common neurobiological disorder with some therapeutic variants. Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant, potent and selective inhibitor with a tendency to be used in this condition. Objective: to analyze the results of Atomoxetine in terms of dependence and effectiveness in the symptomatic control of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Method: a search for information was carried out in the PubMed database using inclusion and exclusion criteria where 12 articles were analyzed, including case-control studies, clinical studies and randomized controlled trials. Results: a total of 12 articles were identified, 6 of which provided substantial information on the use of Atomoxetine, effectiveness, and risk/benefit versus placebos and stimulant pharmacotherapy. Conclusion: Atomoxetine is a safe and effective drug for the treatment of ADHD because of the low risk of dependence and side effects compared to other drugs already in use
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Copyright (c) 2025 Stefanny Sanchez Vasquez, Marcelo Adrian Estrin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dermatological manifestations in adults associated with systemic diseases
Introduction: dermatologic manifestations can provide relevant information about possible systemic conditions. The aim of this report is the identification of skin lesions, which is often the first manifestation, to allow the physician to reach a timely diagnosis of a non-dermatologic pathology and to provide treatment from a more comprehensive approach. Methods: the study design was that of a bibliographic review, based on articles that met the inclusion criteria. The computerized bibliographic search was through academic Google in the period 2013-2024 and the Atlas of Clinical Dermatology, Fitzpatrick 7th edition. Development: the literature suggests that in dermatologic patients psychic disorders are common, mainly anxiety and depression, with a bidirectional relationship between skin and mental health. A coexistence between vitiligo and psoriasis was observed, possibly due to genetic variants. Several studies suggest that patients with endocrine pathologies presented skin alterations, diabetes mellitus being the most frequent. Endocrine disorders showed various cutaneous manifestations, including acanthosis nigricans, xanthelasmas and acne. Dermatological manifestations were also identified in relation to diabetes, liver disease, renal disease and syphilis. Conclusion: it is necessary to take into account skin lesions as markers of systemic diseases, taking the patient in an integral way, performing anamnesis, complete physical examination, laboratory tests to confirm them and the correct and timely treatment
Copyright (c) 2025 Débora Samanta Villalva, Gabriela Cavillon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Drug-induced acute-stage narrow-angle glaucoma: a review of the literature
Introduction: Drug-induced narrow-angle glaucoma is a significant condition for ophthalmologists and general practitioners because of its ability to cause blindness. Objective: describe which drugs or drug families may induce narrow-angle glaucoma. Method: a search for information was carried out in PubMed, SciELO and Scopus, in the period 1986 - 2023 without language restrictions. Thirty-four articles were selected from a total of 60, including systematic reviews, case studies and meta-analyses. Results: several drugs can induce narrow-angle glaucoma in susceptible individuals by different mechanisms, such as pupillary block, ciliary effusion and vitreous hemorrhage. There is no universal solution, but special vigilance in hyperopic patients and assessment of lateral anterior chamber depth are crucial. Acute symptoms may include headache, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, with semidilated pupils and sudden visual changes as indicative signs. Urgent medical intervention is essential to preserve sight in these cases. Conclusion: drug analysis showed that drugs such as adrenergic agonists, antidepressants, anticoagulants, cholinergic agents and other pharmacological groups were identified as a cause of drug-induced narrow angle glaucoma
Copyright (c) 2025 Fernando Edward O’Ryan Araneda , Marcelo Adrián Estrin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reduced effectiveness of oral hormonal contraceptives due to concomitant use of antibiotics
Introduction: hormonal contraceptives have as main function to inhibit ovulation by suppression of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), they also produce changes in cervical and endometrial mucus that reduce the probability of implantation and hinder the nutrition and passage of sperm. Some factors can cause the loss of effectiveness of the contraceptive pill, such as incorrect use. There are also drug interactions with other drugs, which can alter and reduce its efficacy, such as antimicrobials. Objective: to analyze the possible reduction in the efficacy of the oral hormonal contraceptive method during concomitant use with antibiotics. Method: a search for information was carried out, selecting published articles that included female patients of reproductive age who received concomitant oral hormonal contraceptive and antibiotics, and that evaluated the efficacy in contraception. Development: women who received concomitant treatment with antibiotics of the Rifamycins group, such as Rifampicin, showed a reduction in the efficacy of ethinylestradiol and norethindrone, components of the combined oral contraceptive pill. Conclusion: the literature suggests that the consumption of combined oral contraceptives / mini-pill and antibiotics of the Rifamycins group, reduces the efficacy of the oral hormonal contraceptive, however, the levels of evidence are low, and other groups of antibiotics or factors that could influence this event were not analyzed
Copyright (c) 2025 Larissa Fernandes Lopes, Analía Claudia Sabattin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nitrofurantoin: analysis of its long-term effects and contraindications
Introduction: urinary tract infections are common and affect mostly women, where nitrofurantoin is widely used in this type of conditions. However, this drug is not free of adverse effects and complications, such as hypersensitivity reactions, pulmonary and hepatic disorders. Objectives: to analyze the long-term adverse reactions and contraindications of nitrofurantoin in patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: a literature review was carried out, which consisted of reading and analyzing different citations in the PubMed database, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library. Search strategies were used by combining terms to structure search strategies. Results: a total of 5 articles were used to understand the long-term adverse effects of nitrofurantoin. The analysis of the evidence shows that being female, elderly, and recurrent urinary tract infections are the main risk factors for suffering these adverse effects. Conclusions: nitrofurantoin is a widely used antimicrobial for the treatment of urinary tract infection. In elderly patients, mainly female, suffering from recurrent UTI, prolonged use may develop adverse effects, either mild (bacterial resistance or gastrointestinal symptoms) or severe (pulmonary, hepatic symptoms and in some cases neuropathies)
Copyright (c) 2025 Luciano Queiroz Marcelino, Marcelo Adrian Estrin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Iron deficiency anemia and diet therapy: review of theoretical aspects and practical background
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent nutritional disorder worldwide, affecting more than 4 billion people. It is associated with iron deficiency, which negatively impacts development as well as adult performance. Objective: To update the theoretical framework and research background on diet therapy for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Method: A narrative review of the updated literature was conducted using recognized databases. Development: Diet therapy is presented as a key strategy to address iron deficiency anemia, focusing on improving the intake of iron-rich foods and combining these with sources of vitamin C to improve its absorption. In addition, alternative treatments have been investigated, such as intravenous iron infusion. Globally, studies have shown that intravenous iron may be more effective and less expensive in certain populations, such as those with inflammatory bowel diseases. In Ecuador, the Health and Nutrition Survey revealed high rates of iron deficiency anemia, especially in areas with high levels of poverty, highlighting the need for adequate nutritional interventions. Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia is a significant public health problem. Diet therapy is essential for its prevention and treatment, complemented by research demonstrating the efficacy of different therapeutic methods. In Ecuador and worldwide, it is crucial to implement nutritional and health strategies that address the underlying causes of this condition, thus improving the quality of life of affected populations
Copyright (c) 2025 Lizcano Ramírez Jennifer, Salabarria Rosero Brittany María, Mera Santos Vicky Gabriela, Chávez-Arizala Jenrry Fredy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introduction: dengue is a dynamic disease, with a seasonal recurrence and recurrence with temporary outbreaks that generate concern at the epidemiological level. In this sense, we seek to make a review with emphasis on the younger age group as a population at risk. Objective: to characterize aspects related to dengue in pediatric age. Method: a questionnaire was conducted to ten (10) cases of pediatric specialists with more than 5 years of experience and currently practicing. The results were addressed through the development of a small database and the analysis of this through descriptive statistics. Results: the pediatricians consulted highlighted abdominal pain (90 %), myalgia or arthralgia (90 %), the professionals managed to identify an average of 5.7 symptoms (70 %), the professionals highlighted DEN-4 (90 %). 8 out of 10 professionals mention 2024 as the year with the most cases. Conclusion: through this systematic observation, it is observed that professionals have difficulties in early detection of dengue, as well as certainty in diagnosing the severity of the problems and epidemiological solutions according to official institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karen Daniela Borges Ortiz, Cecilia Liliana Sosa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Re-emergence of Equine Encephalitis in Argentina
Introduction: western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that primarily affects horses and occasionally humans. After its reappearance in Argentina was confirmed in November 2023, a national Epidemiological Alert was activated. Objective: to characterize the behavior of equine encephalitis in Argentina. Method: a review of the available literature on the subject in question was carried out, files from the Ministry of Health of the Nation, epidemiological bulletin, data from Senasa (National Service of Health and Agri-Food Quality) and scientific articles published in PUBMED. Results: during the period between November 2023 and early January 2024, a total of 1,294 confirmed cases of this disease were recorded in equines, in addition to 165 suspected cases in humans. The incidence in equines increased on average 33 cases per week during this period. Epidemiological reports showed a progressive increase in cases in both animals and humans. Following the introduction of the mandatory vaccine at the end of January 2024, a significant decrease in equine cases was observed, including weeks where no cases were reported. In humans, confirmed cases and deaths have shown a reduction compared to pre-vaccination levels in equines. Conclusion: mandatory vaccination in equines was crucial to mitigate the spread of equine encephalitis in Argentina. Although there was a stabilization in confirmed cases and a reduction in human deaths after vaccination, the continued need for surveillance and complementary measures to maintain effective control over the epidemic is highlighted.
Epidemiological Control of Equine Encephalitis Virus
Copyright (c) 2025 Waleska Ellen Costa Ligeiro Tenente, Susana Carnovale (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nursing care process in patients with arterial hypertension
Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, affecting millions of people and constituting a significant risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and kidney diseases. Objective: To describe the essential aspects of high blood pressure and the nursing care process in patients with the pathology in question. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out using the articles retrieved in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scielo databases, in the period between August and September 2024. A total of 15 references were selected, which were specifically tailored to the topic in question, excluding those with possible biases in their methods. Development: The nursing process involves the skills that a nursing professional must possess at the beginning of the process. Possessing these skills contributes to improving the nursing professional's interest in the patient's health, including the patient's level of health or health status. Conclusions: Knowledge about the clinical, diagnostic and pharmacological aspects of arterial hypertension is a vital pillar for the management of this pathology by health personnel. Constant updating of the subject represents the main task of all personnel dedicated to its treatment, especially nursing personnel
Copyright (c) 2025 Jennifer Lizcano Ramírez , Nathaly Paola Simbaña Flores , Katherine Zambrano Jennifer , Jenrry Fredy Chávez-Arizala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment, diagnosis and planning of PAE in patients with hypertension from the ‘’Hombro a Hombro’’ Foundation, Santo Domingo
Introduction: Arterial hypertension (HTN) is a disease that has gained great importance worldwide in recent centuries and is now considered a pandemic. Some reasons are the changes caused by modernization, in addition to the increase in life expectancy due to advances in measures against infectious diseases. Methods: The research is developed under the quantitative approach, as a descriptive cross-sectional field research. The global population for the study of this research was made up of patients between 18 and 80 years old with HTN problems at the ‘’Hombro a Hombro’’ Foundation located in the Carlos Ruiz Burneo cooperative, but there was no list with the total population. The variables were analyzed: Conditioning Factors of HTN (Sociodemographic data, perception and management of health and general knowledge about HTN). Results: The female sex predominated with 33 women, representing 66% of the total. 60% were diagnosed between 6 months and 1 year, 16% were between 2 and 4 years old at the time of diagnosis. It was found that 36% do physical activity once a week. 82% stated that arterial hypertension is a disease that raises blood pressure above normal levels and mainly affects the heart. A low level of knowledge was found on the part of the nursing staff. Conclusions: In the study carried out there was a predominance of the female sex, where a significant number were diagnosed in a relatively recent time. A low level of knowledge was found on the part of the patients surveyed and the nursing staff involved in the study
Analysis of the utility of the Buprenorphine/Naloxone combination for the management of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD): A literature review
Introduction: opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic condition characterized by loss of control over opioid use, compulsive use, and continuation of opioid use despite harm. If left untreated, OUD is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This disorder may involve the use of natural opioids, pharmaceutical opioids or illicit substances such as heroin or fentanyl. Objective: to analyze the relevance and efficacy of the buprenorphine/naloxone combination in the treatment of OUD. Methods: a search was performed in databases such as Pubmed, SciELO and Cochrane. Relevant articles were selected and cited using the Zotero system. The research includes recent studies on the use of buprenorphine/naloxone combination in the management of OUD. Results: 12 studies that met the search criteria were analyzed. The results highlighted the importance of buprenorphine/naloxone combination in the treatment of OUD. The systematic review allowed us to identify the benefits of these drugs, such as the reduction of opioid use, mortality and adverse effects, improving quality of life. Conclusions: the buprenorphine/naloxone combination is effective in the treatment of OUD, achieving a significant reduction in the use of opioids and improving the quality of life of patients by reducing mortality and associated adverse effects
Copyright (c) 2025 Thiago de Arruda Cavalcante, Marcelo Adrián Estrin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evidence on Gastric Sleeve vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass after 5 years: a Systematic Review
Introduction: bariatric surgery has been used as an effective option for weight control and associated comorbidities. Objective: to determine the usefulness of the Gastric Sleeve and Roux-en-Y Bypass in the control of overweight. Methods: a search for information was carried out in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, TripDatabase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, using search formulas by combining MeSH terms. Results: 1378 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were analyzed (48,6 % with sleeve gastrectomy and 51,4 % with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A weight reduction of 41,5 % was observed after sleeve gastrectomy and 47,8 % after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The mean BMI at 5 years was 33,7 kg/m² for sleeve gastrectomy and 32,5 kg/m² for gastric bypass. Comorbidities control was observed for both sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for type 2 diabetes (64,10 % and 65,40 % respectively), hypertension (45,60 % and 58,50 % respectively) and dyslipidemia (55,30 % and 68,70 % respectively). As for late complications, they were observed in 8,5 % of sleeve gastrectomies and in 14,38 % of bypasses. Conclusions: both operations were equally safe and effective in improving quality of life and control of comorbidities, with LSG having a higher incidence of de Novo Gastroesophageal Reflux. However, further studies are required to evaluate the deficiencies and complications associated with these procedures
Copyright (c) 2025 Judit Elizabeth Viscarro, Lorena Djament (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introduction. Tuberculous pericarditis is an infrequent extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis, has a variable clinical expression and in endemic areas, it usually occurs in elderly patients or patients with underlying immunodeficiency. Objective. To present the case of a patient with dextrocardia, who was ill with pulmonary tuberculosis, developing acute pericarditis and the review of the related literature. Conclusions. Tuberculosis continues to be a major health problem in many countries, causing a series of complications or sequelae in the human body in the short, medium and long term, which can prolong hospital stay and even trigger death. Prevention continues to be a fundamental tool to face this health problem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danyer Daniel Tamayo Ribeaux, Yangel Fuentes Milián (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antifungal treatment for oral candidiasis
Introduction: the use of antifungal and/or fungistatic drugs of the azole or echinocandin type has decreased its effectiveness due to the mutagenic capacity of the Candida species. Objective: to characterize aspects related to the antifungal treatment and resistance of oral candidiasis. Method: a bibliographic search of articles published during the last 10 years will be carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases; in the English and Spanish languages. The selection of the works was carried out from the title and the abstract in a first instance, by a single operator. Results: adding the articles searched with the key words, 5,501 articles were obtained in the three different databases. Based on the title of each article, 5,400 studies were excluded for not being in accordance with the inclusion criteria. 51 articles were eliminated after reading the abstract. In the complete reading of 50 articles, 30 works were chosen. Conclusions: the search for an ideal antifungal agent remains a challenge as resistance to these treatments has developed, such that no antifungal agent currently meets all the requirements of an ideal drug for the treatment of Candida.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marcia Godoy, María Isabel Brusca (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Update on tooth color measurement by visual and spectrophotometer methods
Introduction: Tooth colour assessment is a crucial aspect in aesthetic dentistry, as it influences the design of restorative and aesthetic treatments. There are various methods for assessing tooth colour, the most common being the visual method and the use of spectrophotometers. Each has advantages and disadvantages that can affect the accuracy and reproducibility of the results. Development: The visual method consists of comparing tooth colour with standardised shade guides. This approach is accessible and easy to implement, but its subjectivity can lead to variations in colour perception between different operators. Factors such as lighting, visual fatigue and environmental conditions can influence the assessment, compromising the consistency of the results. On the other hand, the spectrophotometer offers an objective measurement of tooth colour by quantifying the light reflected by the teeth at different wavelengths. This method provides accurate and repeatable data, eliminating the subjectivity of the visual method. However, its cost and the need for technical training can be limitations in its widespread use. Conclusions: Both methods have a significant role in tooth color assessment. While the visual method is more accessible and practical in clinical settings, the spectrophotometer offers superior accuracy and objectivity. The choice between the two will depend on the specific treatment needs and available resources. For optimal results, it is suggested to consider a combined approach that takes advantage of the strengths of each method.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrea Gabriela Mezzalira Betancourt, Julieta Andrea Saldaña, José Alberto Grandinetti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the paraspinal muscles mophology using magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain in Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria
Background: Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major public health concern globally and the leading cause of musculoskeletal disability, affecting mainly adults in their productive years with a high economic impact in the society. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the changes in the paraspinal muscles (lumbar multifidus) morphology using data obtained from MRI of the lumbosacral spine in adult participants with non-specific chronic low back pain. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, involving 200 adult participants with non-specific chronic low back pain undergoing MRI of the lumbosacral spine at the Department of Radiology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, during a six months period. Data recorded include lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) morphology and lumbar spine pathologies Results: The LMM CSA for L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 were 2.24±0.84, 3.59±1.15, 5.18±1.60, 6.66±1.75 and 7.27±2.62 respectively. The frequency distribution of LMM fatty infiltration in percentage showed Grade 0 was highest at L1 (86.5%, n= 173) and lowest at L5 (6.5%, n=13); Grade 1 was highest at L4 (73%, n=146) and lowest at L1 (13.5%, n=2) and Grade 2 was highest at L5 (22.5%, n=45) and lowest at L1 (0.0%, n=0). The lumbar pathologies noted were 200(100%) disc abnormalities, while 178(89.0%) had neural foraminal narrowing, nerve root compression and spinal canal stenosis each. Facet joint arthrosis and spondylosis were 177(88.5%) and 176(88.0%) respectively. Conclusion: Dysfunctional LMM was observed to increase with advancing age, severe in females and individuals with elevated BMI and cuts across various occupations. Measures aimed at improving and maintaining the quality of the LMM should be encouraged, as this will help in reducing the prevalence of nonspecific CLBP
Copyright (c) 2024 MaryJane Amadi, Nengi Alazigha, Olukunmi Ijeruh, Rufus Abam, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Michael Promise Ogolodom (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficacy and safety of male hormonal contraceptives
Introduction: unwanted pregnancy accounts for almost half of all pregnancies worldwide. A wide variety of contraceptives are available for women, but not for men. Many men wish to take a more active role in family planning, but currently only two male contraceptive options are available: condoms and vasectomy. Male contraception began in the 18th century with the use of condoms and later in the 19th century with vasectomy. In recent years, there has been a delay in the research and development of male contraceptives, leaving men with few options. Objectives: to describe the efficacy and safety of male hormonal contraceptives. Methods: a search for information was conducted in the Pubmed database. Articles published between 2002 and 2024 in both English and Spanish were examined, clinical trials were selected and the results obtained in them were analyzed. Results: a total of 60 publications were reviewed, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The populations studied were young, healthy men. Conclusion: despite the limited variety of contraceptive methods available for men, science has made significant advances in the development of new hormonal methods. These advances promise, in the not so distant future, to offer safer, more effective and more accessible options for birth control for men
Copyright (c) 2025 Claudia Daiana Maciel, Analia Claudia Sabattini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Musculoskeletal disorders and working conditions: updated approach and common points
Introduction: In the nineties several theories appeared in which the way in which Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) are generated with the approach that approach to physical and biomechanical causes were explained, so that in their relationship models such as the theory of Van der Beek and Frigsdresen and Westgaard and Winkel were found, all this research was compiled through information of each one in order to reach a concrete analysis on the theory in which it was specified. Objective: To describe the main musculoskeletal disorders related to work and active labor personnel. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out using articles retrieved from the PubMed, MEDLINE and Scielo databases, in the period between July and August 2024. A total of 19 references were selected, which were specifically adjusted to the topic in question, excluding those with possible biases in their methods. Development: The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) mentions that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the best known work-related ailments such as sprains or strains, repetitive strain injuries or cumulative traumatic disorders. These disorders affect millions of people, especially workers who perform some type of physical exertion. MSDs most affect the back, neck, shoulder and extremity areas (upper and lower) also encompass any damage or disorders of joints or other tissues. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disorders are affectations that can influence the quality of the work process in dissimilar industrial and private sector chores. Knowledge of the clinic and the means of preventing them is vital for a good quality of service and care of the worker
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruth Calderón Landívar , Diana Beatriz Guevara Zapata , Madelin Yaritza España Chamorro , Jenrry Fredy Chávez-Arizala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk of intermittent fasting in obese patients
Introduction: due to the high prevalence of obesity nowadays, different treatments have emerged to combat it, such as intermittent fasting. This is defined as a voluntary abstinence from food and beverages for specific and recurrent periods; however, it is not risk-free. Objective: to determine the complications and benefits of intermittent fasting for body weight control. Methods: a systematic review of published scientific articles based on PubMed databases was carried out. A search strategy was used for information retrieval. Filters and inclusion criteria were used to select the articles. Results: when using the Intermittent Fasting protocol, significant adverse effects were observed, such as fatigue, headache, constipation, halitosis, sleep disorders, diarrhea, vertigo, exacerbation of gastric reflux, malaise, stomach pains, hunger and decrease in body weight in obese adults. However, with regard to cardiometabolic parameters, it is important to note that many of these studies have limitations. Conclusion: intermittent fasting could be used as a suitable treatment to achieve weight reduction and decrease health-threatening risk factors
Copyright (c) 2025 Maiara Mizaela Santana, Lorena Djament (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Frequency of different histopathological varieties of cutaneous malignant neoplastic lesions diagnosed in an anatomopathological laboratory in the city of Rosario
Introduction: The skin, like any organ, can be affected by genetic and environmental factors, generating neoplasms or new cell formations. These can be benign, premalignant or malignant. Cutaneous malignant tumors present different histological types, which implies different prognoses and evolution. Distinguishing them is essential for adequate clinical and prognostic management. Materials and Methods: This study describes the frequency of histopathological varieties of cutaneous malignant neoplasms diagnosed in an anatomopathological laboratory in Rosario, Argentina, between 2016 and 2021. It is a quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Laboratory biopsies were analyzed, selecting those with diagnoses of cutaneous malignant neoplasms. Results and discussion: 1,320 samples from 1,288 patients with cutaneous malignant tumors were analyzed, basal cell carcinoma the most frequent variant, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma and Bowen's disease. Women younger than 60 years and men older than 60 years were the most affected. Lesions were mostly on the face, thorax and head, except for malignant melanoma, which mainly affected the thorax and lower limbs. Conclusion: Cutaneous malignant neoplasms were common in the sample studied, with an average of four diagnoses per week. In contrast to international studies, the frequency of these malignant neoplasms was higher than in other countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paulina Oriana Chiesa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Oral candidiasis: differentiation of Candida spp strains and antifungal treatments
Introduction: Candida spp is one of the most common yeast species within the oral cavity as a habitual commensal, which in turn is frequently found as an etiological agent of superficial infections. Objective: to characterize aspects related to candidiasis, the acquisition of resistance and its treatment. Method: a review of the available bibliography in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, of which a total of 19 related articles were consulted, empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used. Results: resistance is not only given by the Candida species but also by factors inherent to the host such as the existence of prevalent diseases, massive systemic infections, septicemias, such as immunocompromised patients. The Candida spp species is part of the usual microbiota of living beings, they are opportunistic pathogens that have the capacity to cause superficial, skin or mucosal, or systemic infections. Antifungals used in treatment may be fungistatic or fungicidal. C. albicans predominates in the oral cavity to a greater extent. The species mentioned may be found in the oral cavity and pass into the bloodstream due to host immunodeficiency, as well as other predisposing factors. Conclusions: currently, none of the available antifungals have the characteristics of an ideal antifungal: broad spectrum of action, fungicide, zero resistance rate, multiple administration routes, high capacity for tissue penetration, but without toxicity; and also develop a prophylactic and therapeutic action, without producing adverse effects and maintaining a high effectiveness.
Relationship between endometriosis and infertility: systematic bibliographic review
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting a significant percentage of women of reproductive age. It is associated with various complications, including infertility. This systematic review aims to analyze the relationship between endometriosis and infertility, addressing the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the impact of treatments. Material and methods: Searches were conducted in scientific databases, selecting 15 studies that met predefined criteria. Observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Data were organized to facilitate the comparison of results. Results: Findings indicate a significant association between endometriosis and infertility, with a probability of infertility ranging from 30% to 60% in diagnosed women. Hormonal, inflammatory, and oocyte quality alterations were identified as relevant pathophysiological mechanisms. Surgical treatments showed moderate benefits, though varying by case. Conclusion: Endometriosis is clearly related to infertility, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve treatment strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anelys García Salgado, Olga Margarita Agramonte Llanes , Anadely Gámez Pérez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0