Nasal pyogenic granuloma: clinical characterization, differential diagnosis, and comprehensive therapeutic approach

Abstract

Introduction: Nasal pyogenic granuloma is a rare benign vascular lesion in the nasal cavity, whose identification can be complex due to its resemblance to other entities. Historical understanding has evolved from viewing it as an infection to recognizing it as a capillary proliferation of inflammatory origin. Development: Etiological factors include local trauma, chronic irritation, hormonal predisposition, and underlying medical conditions. It mainly affects young women and children. Clinically, it appears as a pedunculated, bleeding, fast-growing mass. Histologically, it features well-defined lobular capillaries and positive endothelial markers. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment ranges from silver nitrate cauterization to endoscopic surgical excision, with low recurrence rates if the triggering factor is eliminated. Conclusions: Management of nasal pyogenic granuloma requires accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment, and clinical follow-up to ensure complete resolution.