Euthanasia: a legal solution or an illegal moral issue

Abstract

Euthanasia, a subject of intense ethical and moral debate, encompasses crucial decisions on individual autonomy and dignity in dying. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted from the first euthanasia legislation until December 2023, with the aim of comprehensively analyzing its legality and illegality, as well as its ethical and legal implications. The diversity of legislation reflects divergent ethical, cultural and legal approaches, posing challenges in the determination of the patient's will and the impact on public confidence in the healthcare system. It is recognized that euthanasia offers an ethical and humane option for terminally ill patients, respecting their autonomy and alleviating their suffering. However, concerns remain about the risk of abuse, the difficulty in determining the patient's will, and the impact on trust in the medical system. While highlighting the need for further research to ensure ethical and responsible implementation, it is emphasized that euthanasia can provide a compassionate outlet for those facing unbearable suffering. This study highlights the complexity of the issue and the importance of considering ethical, moral, religious, and scientific aspects in the formulation of equitable and respectful end-of-life policies. The legalization of euthanasia is presented as a crucial step towards more compassionate and patient-centered medical care, in line with the principles of autonomy and human dignity.